The next day
Dr. Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum
After eating breakfast, squatting in the morning, pay homage to Dr. Sun Yat-sen’s Mausoleum We booked 8:00-10:00 on WeChat. I joked with my peer T that it is not easy to climb a mountain. If we are late to not catch it, let’s spend some money to see Xiaoling Mausoleum. (Ming Xiaoling the Tomb of Zhu Yuanzhang the first emperor of the Ming Dynasty Xiaoling Mausoleum of Ming Dynasty） Fortunately, I finally got into the scenic spot before 10:00. It is very hard to climb a mountain along the way. After a brief break, we went to the hall to pay homage.
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Entering the gate of the cemetery is the monument pavilion, with a huge stone monument in the middle. It’s written on it “The Chinese Kuomintang’s burial prime minister, Mr. Sun, at here”, just as a tombstone. But I really don’t understand why someone else can be so happy take a picture with this.
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After passing the tablet pavilion, it is the step to the ceremonial hall.
From Bo’ai Memorial Archway to the ceremonial hall, there are 392 stone steps and 8 platforms with a drop of 73 meters.(Bo’ai means universal love) The 392 stone steps symbolize 392 million people in China at the time.
From the tablet pavilion to the sacristy, there are 339 stone steps, which symbolizes the 339 members of the KMT Senate, which symbolizes each person as a step to carry forward the spirit of Mr. Zhongshan, 9 of which means Chinese harmony and unity. This section of the front has a total of 290 steps, divided into 8 segments, symbolizing the Three People’s Principles and the Five-Power Constitution. The steps are all made of granite from Suzhou Jinshan Mountain. There are two Chinese totem pillar on the highest platform, followed by a ceremonial hall.
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The Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum designed by Lu Yanzhi must show the revolutionary spirit of Mr. Zhongshan everywhere. The design of the steps is also ingenious: from the bottom up, it is only the steps that do not see the platform, the road that represents the revolution is difficult and rough; and from the bottom up, you can see the platform does not see the steps, which represents how open the vision of the great man is.
The great cause is great not only because it is righteous and magnificent, but because it is not a smooth one. The greatness of great people is not only because such characters have made great achievements for the people, for the nation, but also for human beings, and because such characters have created a strong will and a noble personality in the arduous struggle. – Xi Jinping
After reaching the final level of the platform, take a break and enter the ceremonial hall to pay homage. Slowly circle the statue of Mr. Sun Yat-sen. Of course, the tomb is not open.
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After coming out of the ceremonial hall, the time was still early, and I went down the mountain (in fact, I also took a detour). I visited the Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hall and learned about the life of Sun Yat-sen. The memorial hall is small and was converted from a Sutra depository. Inside, there are many materials for Sun Yat-sen.
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Sun Yat-sen (12 Nov 1866 – 12 Mar 1925)was the founding father of the Republic of China. The first provisional president of the Republic of China, Sun was a Chinese medical doctor, writer, philosopher, Georgist, calligrapher and revolutionary. As the foremost pioneer and first leader of a Republican China, Sun is referred to as the “Father of the Nation” in the Republic of China (ROC) and the “forerunner of democratic revolution” in the People’s Republic of China (PRC). Sun played an instrumental role in the overthrow of the Qing dynasty (the last imperial dynasty of China) during the years leading up to the Xinhai Revolution. He was appointed to serve as Provisional President of the Republic of China when it was founded in 1912. He later co-founded the Kuomintang (Nationalist Party of China), serving as its first leader.Sun was a uniting figure in post-Imperial China, and he remains unique among 20th-century Chinese politicians for being widely revered amongst the people from both sides of the Taiwan Strait.
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On the way to the tour, I thought about the very fluent sentence of H back when I was preparing the post-graduate entrance examination.
Mr. Sun Yat-sen is a great national hero, a great patriot, and a great pioneer of the Chinese democratic revolution. He devoted his life to the revolution and determined to save the country and save the people. He has made contributions to the Chinese nation in the annals of history. – Xi Jinping
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In the Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hall, the construction process of Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum was described in detail. One of them, when Sun Yat-sen worked in Nanjing in his early years, he went to Zijinshan with friends to hunt and saw the scenery. He said that he hoped to be buried there after he died. In fact, I personally think that he may be plain and hope to bury the tomb in the future. As a result, he later made a mausoleum for him. Although Mr. Sun’s life opposed imperialism and feudalism, Sun Yat-sen’s Mausoleum is indeed China’s last large-scale Chinese-style mausoleum specification building, such as gates, squares, monuments, pavilions, and Shinto, which are basically the royal palace’s regulation and burial. The people who carried the time were also the people who carried the emperor’s palace in the Qing Dynasty and their descendants. The 128 people were buried and buried, and the grandeur of the ceremony was no different from the emperor. There is no underground palace but only the above-ground building. The top of the tomb is not a dragon pattern but a blue sky and white sun.
Although the scale of Sun Yat-sen’s Mausoleum is grand, it expresses the determination of the revolutionaries and the national people to the sadness and inheritance of Sun’s death. But unfortunately, future generations do not live up to expectations. Because of Sun Yat-sen’s influence in China, during the Japanese invasion of Nanjing, the Japanese and the Wang Puppet Government packaged Sun as a “friend of the Japan”, and Mr. Sun’s early years of studying in Japan described himself as a good friend of Sun Wen. It is said that Sun Wen’s “Great Asianism” is similar to Japanese “Greater East Asian Co-Prosperity Circle”. Not only did they want to destroy the main buildings of the Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum, but they even formulated the “Pay Homage Regulations” for this purpose. The Japanese military officials personally visited. Hide for acts of traitors, and act as aggressive acts.
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However, in the capital of the country of the dead, Sun Yat-sen’s Mausoleum has not escaped the ruined destiny. After the occupation of Sun Yat-sen’s Mausoleum, the Japanese army wrote the four characters of “Father of the Dead Country ” behind the white marble statue of Sun Wen in the top ceremonial hall. In the defense of Nanjing, the Zhongshan Cultural Education Center, the Office of the Prime Minister’s Cemetery Management Committee, the Feng’an Memorial Hall, and Yongmu Temple were destroyed. Among them, the Feng’an Memorial Hall has a lot of things related to Sun Wen. The most precious one is the national flag that Sun Wen made by himself. Because the memorial was destroyed by the war, all the things inside were missing.Source
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The memorial hall of the victims in Nanjing massacre by Japanese invaders
This afternoon, I visited the Memorial Hall of the Victims of the Nanjing Massacre with a sad heartache. In fact, just arrived in Nanjing, H asked me on the subway, do you want to go. Because many people coming to Nanjing are avoiding coming here. But I still have a answer, yes. After all, as a Chinese, we still have to visit this place where our country have suffered a great disaster.and ponder on the past.
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The number of people coming to visit is more than imagined. We have been in the big sun for more than half an hour and finally entered the pavilion.
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The anti-Japanese air martyrs now have a fast-renewed aircraft. It is not long before they are bought. It is better to save the money for the aircraft and wait until the war breaks out. ——Song Meiling
Although the government at that time was corrupt, there were still heroes who gave up their lives for countries and were national backbones. So this is why we have to separate the merits of ordinary national soldiers from the corrupt leaders of the national government.
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At the curtain meeting on the eve of the defense of Nanjing, all the generals believed that Nanjing could not be kept. Only Tang Shengzhi, a manpower guarding Nanjing, made a generous speech at the meeting.
The capital is the seat of the Mausoleum of the Country’s Father. It is worth the enemy. If you don’t sacrifice one or two generals in Nanjing, we are not only sorry for the Prime Minister’s spirit, and even more sorry for our supreme commander.
I advocate defending Nanjing and fighting the enemy. “At the same time guarding Nanjing can “cover the repair and concentration of the troops ahead to prevent and delay the enemy’s attack.”
—— Tang Shengzhi
Of course, due to the failure of the Battle of Shanghai, Nanjing is actually danger and unstoppable. But after all, as the capital of a country, Nanjing needs to resist to show its determination to fight aggression. Tang Shengzhi said that “there is no order for the commander to retreat and swear to coexist with Nanjing.” At the same time, he ordered all the ministries to collect all the ships for the battle without retreat. But in the subsequent battles, the poor command, the high officials concealed the early flee, and the chaotic retreat deployment (for example, the defending soldiers used the retreating soldiers as a deserter to block the attack, because “the backwaters caused a war” caused no ships to cross the river), regardless of the soldiers’ lives. Before the Japanese army came, it caused many disaster.
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I saw the original painting of this painting at the memorial. Previously, I only knew that the Master Xinyun was a member of the Kuomintang (when he was a young man, he was forced to join the party). I did not expect the master to be the victim and survivor of the Nanjing Massacre. It was with the efforts of the master and painter Li Zijian that this painting was available. Information: “Killing, Living, Buddha” - The neglected memory of the Nanjing Massacre by Master Xingyun
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It is very uncomfortable in the mass grave site. This is the original exhibition hall. Just a few decades ago, countless compatriots were dragged here to bury and even bury when their live, I feeling very very uncomfortable. From the last pavilion, face the opposite pool of peace and the statue of the goddess. Can not help but feel that the mountains and rivers are still in the country, the country is prosperous and the people are at peace.
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Through this visit, I was able to feel the fragility of peace and the fate of my personal destiny in the face of historical trends. Of course, there have been many abuses, enslavements, and massacre in the history with wars. Many people and even nations and civilizations have disappeared into the long river of history. But fortunately, we have come over and we are rich and strong. In the 20th century, when the world has entered a civilized society, Japan, which experienced the “Meiji Restoration” in the 19th century, was in Nanjing, and in the land of China, it make such anti-social and anti-human atrocities to East Asian countries. Because of the constant voice of the Jews, the whole world knows the anti-human crimes of the German Nazis, and Germany has reintegrated into Europe after thoroughly repenting. Because of the cold war and ideological factors, Japan was armed as a bridgehead by the United States during the Korean War, and it’s evil was not completely liquidated! And has been disavow to the present.
Justice does not come by itself. The good news is that we are rich and strong, and we are on the road to revival! We began to appeal to the international community to pay attention to the Eastern main battlefield of the anti-fascist war and to publicize the 918 Incident that preceded the “starting point of World War II” in Europe. The destruction and trauma caused by war to human society is immeasurable. We are not living in a peaceful world, but living in a peaceful country!
The mood from the memorial hall has been very depressed, but after entered the “Three Victory “ exhibition hall it is not to be shaken.
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The War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression was the first comprehensive victory of the Chinese nation in modern times. It was once desperate to “Qian Mu wrote a national history outline” to celebrate everywhere. History can’t come back, the future can be created, peace is cherished, and victory belongs to the people!
[3]: https://s2.ax1x.com/2019/07/27/eKCbnO.jpg “Entrance to the tomb，”The whole world as one community”It was written by Mr. Sun Yat-sen.”
[4]: https://s2.ax1x.com/2019/07/27/eKCjNd.jpg “Tablet pavilion，It says “The Chinese Kuomintang’s burial prime minister, Mr. Sun, at here””
[5]: https://s2.ax1x.com/2019/07/27/eKCXAH.jpg “”From the bottom up, you only see the steps””
[6]: https://s2.ax1x.com/2019/07/27/eKPeCn.jpg “From top to bottom, cover all at one glance”
[7]: https://s2.ax1x.com/2019/07/27/eKPV4s.jpg “Mourning hall”
[8]: https://s2.ax1x.com/2019/07/27/eKPm3q.jpg “Sun Yat-sen bust at the Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hall”
[9]: https://s2.ax1x.com/2019/07/27/eKPENj.jpg “Sun Yat-sen’s study furniture display”
[10]: https://s2.ax1x.com/2019/07/27/eKPFHg.jpg “Sun Yat-sen’s clothing”
[11]: https://s2.ax1x.com/2019/07/27/eKiZZD.jpg “Oil Painting: Sun Yat-sen and Soong Ching Ling Marry in Japan”
[12]: https://s2.ax1x.com/2019/07/27/eKiede.jpg “I have to show this again: the list of members of the Second National Congress of the Kuomintang, you can see Cai Yuanpei, Mao Zedong and others on the list. Mao Zedong is much older than Chiang Kai-shek’s qualifications.”
[13]: https://s2.ax1x.com/2019/07/27/eKiEqO.jpg “Sun Yat-sen met with Li Dazhao”
[14]: https://s2.ax1x.com/2019/07/27/eKiixx.jpg “The important thought of Mr. Sun Yat-sen”
[15]: https://s2.ax1x.com/2019/07/27/eKiAsK.jpg “The politician pay homage, on the picture is Mao Zedong and Song Qingling”
[16]: https://s2.ax1x.com/2019/07/27/eKiYdg.jpg “Japanese Abe Cabinet, Minister of the Ministry of Finance, Aoki Ai’s visit to Sun Yat-sen’s news report”
[17]: https://s2.ax1x.com/2019/07/27/eKi8L8.jpg “Left: The Japanese army pushed and insulted the bronze statue of Sun Yat-sen Right: Bronze tripod in front of the Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum hit by Japanese artillery shells”
[18]: https://s2.ax1x.com/2019/07/27/eKi3sf.jpg “Passed the security check, waiting in line”
[19]: https://s2.ax1x.com/2019/07/27/eKi1QP.jpg “It’s almost ready, the second line of the opposite wall is Japanese.”
[20]: https://s2.ax1x.com/2019/07/27/eKiJeS.jpg “Red flag and long queue on the square”
[21]: https://s2.ax1x.com/2019/07/27/eKi4Qx.jpg “Enter the pavilion”
[22]: https://s2.ax1x.com/2019/07/27/eKiRY9.jpg “The monument to the number of victims is shocking”
[23]: https://s2.ax1x.com/2019/07/27/eKihS1.jpg “Heroic immortality!”
[24]: https://s2.ax1x.com/2019/07/27/eKiWWR.jpg “Tang Shengzhi, who swears to guard Nanjing, is in stark contrast to the heroic heroes in the picture above.”
[25]: https://s2.ax1x.com/2019/07/27/eKi5y6.jpg “Simulated debris”
[26]: https://s2.ax1x.com/2019/07/27/eKijSI.jpg “Simulated scene after bombing”
[27]: https://s2.ax1x.com/2019/07/27/eKiOfA.jpg “The so-called “Golden Year of the Republic of China” achievements”
[28]: https://s2.ax1x.com/2019/07/27/eKix6P.jpg “”Killing Living Buddha” (Li Zijian, painting)”
[29]: https://s2.ax1x.com/2019/07/27/eKiLYd.jpg “Angels in hell, humanitarian aid by international friends who remain in the enemy-occupied areas. The picture shows the sculpture of Minnie Vautrin”
[30]: https://s2.ax1x.com/2019/07/27/eKivlt.jpg “The survivors of the Nanjing Massacre, and some benevolent people, including some friendly Japanese, let the world understand the Nanjing Massacre, resist crimes against humanity, resist war, and call for peaceful behavior.”
[31]: https://s2.ax1x.com/2019/07/27/eKFeXV.jpg “Concluding remarks: Past experience, if not forgotten, is a guide for the future.”
[32]: https://s2.ax1x.com/2019/07/27/eKFVlq.jpg “On the way to ruins of Death Pit, each stone symbolizes a victim.”
[33]: https://s2.ax1x.com/2019/07/27/eKFZ60.jpg “Looking at the world peace statue”
[34]: https://s2.ax1x.com/2019/07/27/eKFkfs.jpg “Mother holds the child and looks ahead. The mountains and rivers are still in the country, the country is prosperous and the people are at peace.”
[35]: https://s2.ax1x.com/2019/07/27/eKFEpn.gif “Japan has never been able to let go of its historical burdens and it is difficult to reconcile with East Asian countries.”
[36]: https://s2.ax1x.com/2019/07/27/eKFa7D.jpg “The first exhibition hall, “Crossing Time and Space, Celebrating Global Celebrations”, used movie curtains, rolling subtitles and sound & light effects to present the joy scene of the people of the whole country and the people of the world celebrating the victory after the fascist surrender. Because it was shot on a descending escalator, the effect was not very good”
[37]: https://s2.ax1x.com/2019/07/27/eKFJ6x.jpg “Going down the escalator and coming to the theme wall, “Justice will win, peace will win, people will win””
[38]: https://s2.ax1x.com/2019/07/27/eKFU0O.jpg “Historical trail：In 1945, we won!”
[39]: https://s2.ax1x.com/2019/07/27/eKFYX6.jpg “Build a new the Great Wall with peoples’s flesh and blood.”
[40]: https://s2.ax1x.com/2019/07/27/eKFwAe.jpg “Receiving Japanese surrender”
[41]: https://s2.ax1x.com/2019/07/27/eKF4hj.jpg “Trial war criminals after victory! It is a pity that many war criminals have not received the punishment they deserve. Although many of them are arranged in the hall, they can only be replaced by photographs. “
[42]: https://s2.ax1x.com/2019/07/27/eKFhNQ.jpg “The people of the world celebrate”
[43]: https://s2.ax1x.com/2019/07/27/eKFfAg.jpg “Remember that history is not a continuation of hatred, it’s a lesson to learn”
[44]: https://s2.ax1x.com/2019/07/27/eKFI9s.jpg “National public memorial ceremony. The dead rest, and the living are self-improvement!”
